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Top hat for everyone: The image of Britain in the newspaper discourses of Czechoslovak exile and its Third Republic afterlife
Kłusek, Johana ; Smetana, Vít (advisor) ; Brenner, Christiane (referee) ; Cornwall, Mark (referee)
The thesis focuses on the image of Britain in newspaper discourses of Czechoslovak exile during the Second World War and describes how it affected the post-war development of the country. It argues that the exiles saw Britain as the appelative Other, into which they projected their visions and fears. Anglophilia, born out of lived experience as well as objective needs of the discourse's producers, brought both benefits and detriments. It meant discursive liberation from Germans as the old referential Others and finding a safe discursive space in the severely brutalized world. Yet the hope that Czechoslovakia could adopt both "conservative" and "socially progressive" qualities of Britain proved naïve in the face of the post-war geopolitical reality. Communists appropriated the image of Britain to fit their own needs after the war. While Britain of former exiles, now democratic socialists, was still portrayed as superior to Czechoslovakia, communist Britain was depicted as an equal partner with virtues as well as flaws. The "equalization" of Britain contributed to the preservation of illusion that Communists were devoted to the principles of democracy.
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Relating to another person in the ethics of E. Levinas
VOLFOVÁ, Adéla
The thesis is theoretically arranged and comprises two main chapters. It deals with an ethical concept of the relationship towards the Other person that is represented by a French philosopher of 20th century Emmanuel Levinas. The relationship between the Self and the Other is developed, in which the other person is always the primordial centre of my interest. The primary feature of Levinas´ ethics is to show it like the first philosophy. It is particular for him to understand metaphysics in a purely ethical concept. At Levinas, there is an event of a turn in ethics, when the current ontology, which is focused on a theoretical knowledge, is substituted by metaphysics. Morality is acknowledged as an essence of ethical relationship with the other person. This interpersonal relationship is always an asymmetric relationship and fundamentally ethical. Levinas´ ethics is the ethics of responsibility for the Other, in which is possible to approach the Other. The ethics deals with a concept of transcendence, Infinity, exteriority and interiority.
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Conception of the Other in the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre and Emmanuel Levinas
Tlapa, Tomáš ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is a philosophical interpretation of the problem of intersubjectivity in the work of Jean-Paul Sartre (1905 - 1980) and Emmanuel Levinas (1906 - 1995). In the first part, it deals with the conception of the Other in the Jean-Paul Sartre's Being and Nothingness and analyzes (after a brief introduction to Sartre's philosophy) concrete aspects of Sartre's theory of intersubjectivity. This part ends with a critique of Sartre's theory, which enable us to interpret the Levinas's theory as an alternative conception of intersubjektivity. The analysis in the second part is based on the Levinas's book Totality and infinity. The final part sums up the main differences of both conceptions. Key words: intersubjectivity, the Other, existence, freedom, ethics, Sartre, Levinas
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Body of the other. The erotics as learning content in Art education
Ondřichová, Petra ; Jakubcová Hajdušková, Lucie (advisor) ; Kornatovský, Jiří (referee)
The thesis titled "The body of the other. The erotics as learning content in Art education." have character of an exploration probe. It focuses on erotism in environment of educational institutions. This work deals with the body and its erotic contents in art education. It seeks to clarify the concept of erotica. This work seeks various overhangs of erotica into philosophy, advertising, school, personal and public life. This thesis is linked to the teaching of erotic theme and with the issues of integration of eroticism in lessons of art education. The aim is to determine how are the children / students on this topic sensitive. All the text is supplemented by authentic testimonies of students, teachers and parents related to the topic of erotica in school.
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Dynamics of Everyday Life in Dialogue with Emmanuel Lévinas
Jandová, Tereza ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Bierhanzl, Jan (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The main objective of this research is to look at the topic of everyday life from a dynamic perspective. The definition of everyday life that this thesis stands upon, i.e. the presence of a subject in the world with the other(s) outlines also two main sources of its dynamics: the world and the other. The essential aim of this thesis is to show that the different attitudes towards the world and the other in the works of Husserl and Lévinas consequently influence the understanding of the everyday life as such, as well as the requirements it imposes upon the subject. The chapter dedicated to Husserl presents his concept of the world as a horizon, the irreplaceable position of perception in our access to the world and the creation of the other within the subject itself. On the contrary, Lévinas stresses the separation of the subject and he understands the world and the other as inherently belonging to this never-ending process. The motive of dependence and responsibility of the subject for the other belongs to the most significant differences between the two philosophers. Whereas Husserl proposes us a subject in the world which he accesses via perception and in which he encounters the other, Lévinas shows us subject that is born to the pre-reflexive and intersubjective world from which he first has to...
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Word That Matters. Humanity and Ethics in the Thought of Emmanuel Lévinas
Vik, Dalibor ; Vogel, Jiří (advisor)
In five chapters, this thesis traces the question of humanity in the thought of the French philosopher Emmanuel Lévinas, mainly in his works De l'évasion (1935), De l'existence à l'existant (1947), Totalité et infini (1961) and Éthique comme philosophie première (1982), which represent various stages of his philosophical development. It offers an exposition of Lévinas's most original concepts, follows their development and sketches their parallel and/or polemic concepts in the European thought, placing them within the context of Lévinas's life-work. For Lévinas, the question of humanity appears as a transpostition of the question of God, who can not become an object of rational inquiry. In conclusion, the question of humanity becomes the theological issue par excellence. This study tries to show how theology can draw inspiration from Lévinas's concepts in various manners: (1) methodology: Lévinas shows what happens to our thought when we follow the principle Sein-lassen in questionning God and when we take this principle as a basis of our theological research; (2) re-thinking: Lévinas offers a critical revision of traditional theological concepts and endows them with existential meaning, (3) marginalized phenomena: Lévinas thoroughly analyzes phenomena, which has been neglected or marginalized by the...
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Emmanuel Levinas on human freedom and relation to the other
Hreško, Ján ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Sokol, Jan (referee) ; Vogel, Jiří (referee)
Emmanuel Levinas on human freedom and relation to the other Ján Hreško ABSTRACT This dissertation deals with the philosophical problem of human freedom from an intersubjective and ethical point of view. It interprets and elaborates Emmanuel Levinas' understanding of freedom and shows that he paid considerable attention to this issue in his works. The thesis is based primarily on the formulation of this problem in his main post-war works but makes its thematic elaboration. It shows what role freedom plays within his ethics and its key ideas. The research follows the constitution of freedom of the corporal and economic being. It explains the criticism of freedom, the argument of justifying freedom and finally its investiture. Separately it focuses on the question of human position in history. Finally, it clarifies Levinas' main claim that responsibility precedes freedom. At the same time, it asks: In what sense did Levinas understand the ambiguous concept of freedom? Are there more notions of freedom? What is the relationship between my freedom and the freedom of the other? What does it mean that acceptance of ethical demand does not depend on my will or choice? And what is the positive significance of responsibility for the other? The main thesis of this work can be expressed as follows: according to...
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Development of adolescent identity in selected novels by John Green
Tomanová, Michaela ; Topolovská, Tereza (advisor) ; Chalupský, Petr (referee)
The American YA novelist John Green frequently centres his books on characters that have been struck by the death of somebody close to them, by a traumatic event, or suffer from debilitating illness. Since adolescence is an important and impressionable period of life during which one's identity is firmly established for the first time, such experiences inevitably have a lasting impact on the person and their sense of self. This diploma thesis analyses how the teenage heroes in two selected works by Green - The Fault in Our Stars (2012) and Looking for Alaska (2005) - construe their identity when simultaneously facing death and/or trauma. The analysis takes as its foundation the theories of (inter)subjectivity and of the Other by literary critics Robyn McCallum and Karen Coats, respectively, and is complemented by the outline of psychological development from James E. Marcia. Interpersonal relationships are at the crux of a stable adult identity, and are essential for successful integration into wider society. If these are missing, the individual is marginalised as a threat to others, possibly dying as a consequence of their status. KEY WORDS John Green, young-adult literature, adolescence, maturation, identity, the Other, death, grief, terminal illness, The Fault in Our Stars, Looking for Alaska
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Word That Matters. Humanity and Ethics in the Thought of Emmanuel Lévinas
Vik, Dalibor ; Vogel, Jiří (advisor)
In five chapters, this thesis traces the question of humanity in the thought of the French philosopher Emmanuel Lévinas, mainly in his works De l'évasion (1935), De l'existence à l'existant (1947), Totalité et infini (1961) and Éthique comme philosophie première (1982), which represent various stages of his philosophical development. It offers an exposition of Lévinas's most original concepts, follows their development and sketches their parallel and/or polemic concepts in the European thought, placing them within the context of Lévinas's life-work. For Lévinas, the question of humanity appears as a transpostition of the question of God, who can not become an object of rational inquiry. In conclusion, the question of humanity becomes the theological issue par excellence. This study tries to show how theology can draw inspiration from Lévinas's concepts in various manners: (1) methodology: Lévinas shows what happens to our thought when we follow the principle Sein-lassen in questionning God and when we take this principle as a basis of our theological research; (2) re-thinking: Lévinas offers a critical revision of traditional theological concepts and endows them with existential meaning, (3) marginalized phenomena: Lévinas thoroughly analyzes phenomena, which has been neglected or marginalized by the...
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